Below Telamkanli Peak (7,441 meters) in Karakorum Range, the Telamkanli Glacier extends for over 28 kilometers, covering an area of 124.53 meters kilometers. Its leading edge is 4,520 meters above sea level and the snowline is at 5,390 meters. Its net ice reserve is 26.774 cubic kilometers, equivalent to a water reserve of 2.2758 billion meters, a veritable solid “water tower.” As the Telamkanli Glacier is located in the interior, the surface on the upper section of the glacial lobe is pristine. Serac and ice sculpted forms can be seen everywhere.

The most remarkable and attractive sight on the Telamkanli Glacier is its serac forest, with pinnacles dozens of meters high. This extends for some 11 kilometers, starting at 5,200 meters above sea level and descending towards the glacier’s terminus. The connecting pinnacles on the glacier join up to form magnificent ice peak after ice peak, often accompanied by crystal clear ice lakes below. Further down are countless interconnecting “ice alleys” that turn the serac forest a glacial labyrinth. Most of the stand-alone pinnacles are pyramid-shaped, their points thrusting into the sky like sharp swords, crystalline and pure, like hand-carved jade. In the serac forest, one can also see glacial Karst landscape----ice caves, big high ice tables, ice bridges, ice mushrooms and ice shoots, creating a unique glacier garden.

Brief Introduction of Id Kah Mosque

The Aitida Mosque, a grand Islamic structure located in the center of the city of Kashgar, has a history of more than five hundred years. Shakesimirzha, the ruler of Kashgar, had the mosque built here first in 1442, where he would say prayers to the souls of his deceased relatives. Extended and renovated time and again through the ages, it has finally reached its present shape and size.
The mosque, 140 meters long from south to north and 120 meters from east to west, covers an area of 16,800 square meters and consists of the Hall of Prayer, the Doctrine-Teaching Hall, the gate tower, a pond and some other auxiliary structures. The gate of the mosque, built of yellow bricks with the joints of the brickwork pointed with gypsum, has distinct lines. On both sides of the gate are eighteen-meter high round brick columns half embedded in the wall. On top of the columns stands a tower where the imam would call out loudly at dawn every day to wake up the Muslims and summon them to attend service in the mosque. In the tree-graced courtyard, there is a pond, and on its bank many pottery pots are placed, which are to be used by the Islam believers to clean their bodies. The main hall with wide eaves is 160 meters long and 16 meters wide. The hall's ceiling, with fine wooden carvings and colorful flower-and-plant painting patterns, is supported by one hundred carved wooden columns. In the middle part of the wall in the main hall, there is a deep shrine in which a stepped throne is placed. During service, the First Maola stands in the shrine to lead the prayer. And on Fridays or Corban, the First Maola conducts "Wa'z", standing on the steps of the throne. After entering the main hall, the followers would seat themselves facing west both inside and out, in proper lines.
Brief Introduction of Apak Hoja Tomb

About 5 km northeast of Kashgar City, the Apak Hoja Tomb is a key cultural relic unit under the protection of the Autonomous Region. As a tomb of the descendants of an Islamic sage, it was built around 1640 AD. It is said that altogether seventy-two persons of five generations of the same family were buried in the tomb. The first generation buried here was Yusup Hoja, a celebrated Islam missionary. After he died, his oldest son Apak Hoja carried on the missionary work and became the chief of the Aktaglik Sect of Islam during the seventeenth century and destroyed. Apak Hoja died in 1693 and was buried in the tomb. He had a reputation much more well-known than his father’s, so the tomb was called “Apak Hoja Tomb” by people after his times. A legend goes that one of the descendants of Apak Hoja buried here was a lady named Ipar, who was one of the concubines of the Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. Because of the rich scent of Russian olive flower from her body, she was called Xiangfei (Fragrant Imperial Concubine). After her death, her mortal remains was escorted back Kashigar and buried in the Apakhoja Tomb by Su Dexiang, her sister-in-law. So, the tomb was also called “Xiangfei Tomb”. However, according to textual research, Xiangfei was none other than Rongfei, a concubine of Emperor Qianlong, and she was actually buried in the East Tombs of the Qing Dynasty in Zunhua County, Hebei province after she died.
Brief Introduction of Karakul Lake
 
Karakul Lake (meaning "black lake" in Tajik)，measuring 30m deep, and covering an area of more than 100,000 square kilometers, is located approximately 200 km from Kashgar, Xinjiang province, China, in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture on the Karakoram Highway, before reaching Tashkurgan, the Khunjerab Pass on the China - Pakistan border and Sost in Pakistan. At an altitude of 3600m (though a height of nearer 3,900 m has been quoted), it is the highest lake of the Pamir plateau, near the junction of the Pamir Mountains, Tian Shan and Kunlun Shan mountain ranges. Surrounded by mountains which remain snow-covered throughout the year, the three highest peaks visible from the lake are the Muztagh Ata (7546m), Kongur Tagh (7649m) and Kongur Tiube (7530m). The lake is popular among travelers for its unreal scenery and the clarity of its reflection in the water, whose color ranges from a dark green to azure and light blue. There are two Kirgiz settlements along the Shore of Karakul Lake, a small number of yurts about 1km east of the bus drop-off point and a village with stone houses located on the western shores.
It is on the lap of two giants, Muztagh Ata “the father of ice mountains”, Kongur reputed with more avalanche. It is rare highland lake in the world. Appreciating the snow-capped peaks, flocks of animals, grassland which is all clearly reflected in the water, which looks majestic.
Brief Introduction of Oytag Valley

The Oytag valley, about 100 km west of Kashi (Kashgar), is one of the few valleys with forests in the Kunlun Mountains. It underwent severe forest destruction in the late 1950s, and about only one fourth of the natural forest remains. Since the early 1980s, forest conservation and artificial regeneration have been carried out in the valley.
The formation of the Oytag Model for managing montane forests was closely related to the development of tourism in the Oytag valley. This valley is cool and comfortable in summer. The upper Oytag valley is covered with montane forests, alpine meadow, snow-capped mountains, and large glaciers. This valley is relatively close (about 100 km) to the city of Kashgar, an international tourist city famous for its Islamic culture and customs. The Oytag valley is the only potential mountain tourist site close to population centers (oases) in the extensive southern Xinjiang. In the early 1990s, the people in the oases began to come to this valley for recreation and sightseeing. To coordinate overall development of forestry, animal husbandry, and tourism, the Tourist and Forestry bureaus and Forest Police of the Kizilsu Prefecture and the local government of Oytag Town jointly organized a management group; the members of the group work together in the valley. To effectively protect mountain ecosystems, especially the rare montane forests, a tollgate was installed near the old forest farm office in 1992 (the Farm Office was later moved to the side of the Sino-Pakistan International Highway at the outlet of the Oytag valley). All visitors and cars are charged for entering Oytag tourist areas, and the Oytag valley is now under relatively strict management.
The Oytag valley is characterized by relatively rich natural resources, such as alpine meadow, montane steppe and forests, snow-capped mountains, 4 large glaciers extending into the forest areas, and a cool and comfortable summer climate. All of this contrasts sharply with the extremely arid Tarim Basin, and can thus serve as a valuable tourist attraction. Since 1992, tourism has developed quickly in the Oytag valley. In recent years, more and more people in the oases of the western Tarim Basin come to this valley in summer for sightseeing and recreation, even including the Uygurs. However, increasing tourism adds pressure to the limited forest and the fragile environment of this valley. Some patches of meadow and woodland have seriously degraded or have been demolished, and the increasing rubbish has not been properly disposed. Properly managing these valuable forest resources is significant both to the local and downstream people and ecology
Brief Introduction of Kezier Thousand Buiddhist Caves

Bizalkik (Kezier) Thousand Buddha Caves stand high on the cliffs of west Mutou Valley under the Flaming Mountain, 45 km (28miles) east of Turpan. Of the 83 original caves, 57 caves currently remain. The murals cover an area over 1, 200 square meters (12,917 square feet) in more than 40 caves.
Beginning in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the construction experienced Tang, the Five Dynasties, Song and Yuan. The Caves had been the Buddhist center of Gaochang. Near the end of the 13  century, the royal family of Gaochang moved to Yongchang, Gansu. Around this same time, Buddhism in Turpan began to decline in popularity with the introduction of Islam. Subsequently, the religious importance of The Bizalkik Thousand Buddha Caves became less apparent. Many of the caves were destroyed during the ensuing religious clashes. Vandals dug out the eyes of many of the portraits human figures contained in the murals. Later, at the beginning of the 20  century, foreign explorers robbed the caves of much of the treasures. Despite all the destruction, the surviving parts, such as the delicate Buddha seat and the bright color of the murals, give us some idea of its past glory.
Bizaklik Caves was the royal temple of Huihu (the predecessor of today's Uyghur) State and the existing caves were enlarged or renovated during that time. The murals take us back to the ancient Huihu State, where we can see the King and Queen and people from all walks of life. The inscriptions, written in ancient Uigar, Chinese and other languages, provide authentic reference for valuable historic research.
The most exceptionally rare mural topics in Bizaklik Caves are found in Caves No.16 and 17. Cave No.16 depicts a musician playing Xiao Hu Lei-- a lute-like instrument originating from southern China's Yunnan province. This strengthens the belief that cultural exchange between northern and southern China was unprecedented during Tang Dynasty.
The mural Transformation in Hell in Cave No.17 supports the notion Huihu Gaochang was the center of Manichaeism from 9  to 12  century.
Buddhist disciples wailing in mourning and Bhikku wailing in mourning in Cave No.33 are also highly praised for their vivid depiction.
In addition to the murals and inscriptions, a piece of gold foil wrapping paper found at the caves is also intriguing. A stamp on it revealed the address of the shop on the south side of Tiahelou Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang of Song Dynasty. It also advised clients to examine their goods carefully before purchase to avoid being cheated. As an apparent piece of advertisement, the foil shows that Gaochang Huihu kept close economic ties with Song Dynasty as the trade extended as far as to the East China Sea.
Some travel tips to visitors of Bizalkik Thousand Buddha Caves:
1. As the Caves are located on the cliff, stay within the marked areas.
2. To protect the murals for future enjoyment, visitors should refrain from touching the murals and artifacts. 
3. Remember, smoking is strictly prohibited in the caves.
Brief Introduction of Tianshan Mysterious Grand Canyon

The scenic spot of Tianshan Mystery Canyon is located in mountain area 72 km north of the seat of Kuqa County. This area spreads along the section 1025.8 km of the No.217 National Highway, so the transport conditions for this scenic spot are very good. With high grade in quality, this spot has been listed by the state as a natural scenic area under AA Category. The tourists will be attracted by the scenic spot for it boasts a museum of natural spectacles composed of singular stones and mountaintops. There is Buddha cave relics left from the peak period of the Tang Dynasty standing on the steep cliff. In the part 40 meters high from the canyon bottom is the grotto with rich frescos. Compared with the Han culture preserved in the other hundreds of grottos in the Western Regions, in the grotto the Han culture is preserved best. The frescos in the grotto can be paralleled to Dunhuang Frescos and is precious historical materials for studying the culture and art of Qiuci. AS a result, Tianshan Mystery Canyon attracted the attention from the Press and tourist communities.  According to the planning concerning the scenic spot, the scenic spot is divided into four areas: 1) Exterior area. 2) Interior area 3) valley mouth area. 4) Comprehensive service area (providing service of catering, accommodation and entertainment).

Brief Introduction of Kuqa Gorge
The Kuqa (or Kuche) Gorge is located in the southern part of the Tianshan Mountains, about 64 kilometers north of Kuqa County in Xinjiang. The Kuqa River is a tributary of the Tarim River, and local Uygur people call its valley “Kizilia” which means “red cliffs.” A typical earth-rift ravine, the gorge extends more than five kilometers in total, with a main valley and seven branch valleys. It is 1,600 meters above sea level on average and its highest peak reaches 2,048 meters; it is between 150-200 meters deep and at its narrowest point is only 1.2 meters wide. The whole gorge is made up of red sandstone and conglomerate of the Paleogene Period. With the up-thrust of the Tianshan Mountains, these red rock strata were subjected to all kinds of folding and bending, added to which water and wind erosion, created the gorge’s grotesque, jagged peaks and rocks. Although located in an arid continental area, there is clear gurgling springs in the gorge. At sunrise, sunset as the wind gets up, as mists rise or sounds echo, as light and shade shift and change----its mystery and strangeness is beyond words.
Kuqa is a corruption of the name “Qiuci.” The cultural heritage of the ancient Qiuci Kingdom in Kuqa is a delight of the Silk Road. Recently the remains of the Thousand-Buddha Cave created during the heyday of the Tang Dynasty (618-907) were discovered in the Kuqa Gorge. Its grotto murals compare well with those of the Dunhuang Grottoes of the same period. There is a similar but larger gorge—Kuduluke Gorge in Wensu in the southern part of the Tianshan Mountains. In the vast tracts of the Tianshan Mountains, indeed all China’s northwest, there are more splendid gorge landscapes waiting.
Brief Introduction of Taklamakan Desert

The Taklamakan Desert, lying in the center of the Tarim Basin and covering some 337,600 sq meters, is the biggest desert in China and the second largest shifting sand desert in the world. Between the Keriya River and the Hotan River in the heart of the desert, the vast sea of sand stretches to the horizon. These rivers form natural “green corridors” in the heart of the desert. It is the magnificent sight.
From just about every standpoint----geography, ecology, psychology and symbolism, the Taklamakan Desert is a fearsome, nightmarish place. It has been called the “Sea of Death.” Sparsity and desolation are its only themes, but the most dangerous thing is the lack of water. For a weary and exhausted traveler, even more awful is the seeming boundlessness of this never-ending desert. Once a sand storm forms, roaring and howling, it can even uproot large trees. This is the “fury of GOD……” Frightful white bones in the desert are all that is left of persons, horses and camels. But none of these could stop people trying to explore this desert. The real attraction might be something else, not dead civilization, gold or treasure, but the scared magic of the desert itself. Sven Hedin translated it into “if you go in, you won’t come out.” However, in Uygur, the name actually means “Old Home”.
It is the world’s largest underground treasury of cultural relics. The desert destroyed many towns and villages, swallowing lives, legends and details, but left ruins, remote echoes, fragmentary memories and unlimited imaginings. Luolan, Niya, Xiaohe, Milan and Dandanwulike etc, these famous ancient cities recorded the prosperity of the Silk Road; after years, they are still like sparks in the wilderness which can light up flames in people’s minds. All these excavated discoveries show that this was the only place on earth where the four great ancient civilizations mixed together.
Brief Introduction of Gurbantunggut Desert

The Gurbantunggut lies in Xinjiang Junggar Basin. Some 48,000 sq meters in area, it is China’s second largest desert. Fixed or semi-fixed sand ridges cover 97 percent of the desert. Some 100 plants grow in the desert, many of which make good sand-fixing plants and pasture grass. About a quarter of the annual precipitation falls in winter. There are several thousand hectares of well-protected virgin saksaul forest in the depths of the Gurbantunggut Desert.

The Manas River wriggles its way northwest along the edge of the desert, finally disappearing into the desert. It is the dividing line between desert and oasis. The river had almost vanished, its course intercepted by several dams along its upper and middle reaches. All that now remains of the famous Manas River is just a dry riverbed left as a spillway. The Gurbantunggut Desert is the northwest wind’s masterpiece, the image of the invisible wind on the ground. From west to east, a northwest wind, as wide and as long as the desert, lies in the Junggar Basin. The Karamay Gobi is certainly the start of the Gurbantunggut Desert, as it is here that the strong northwest wind starts blowing up sand and making dunes. There is endless desert, but no high dunes, just an occasional small dune standing on the desert, like a solitary animal facing east.
When the wind blows, it seems to run, but it is still there when the wind stops. But perhaps what we now see is not the one that was there originally. The sand, filling everything between earth and sky, runs and runs, forming the awesome Gurbantunggut Desert not far away. When it reaches the Jiangjun Gobi, the northweat wind is blocked by the Baytik Mountains between China and Mongolia, and turns south towards Hami (Kumul). The desert expands southeastward, following the wind. Once past Urho, known as the “devil’s city”, the wind turns to another famous Xinjiang “devil’s city”----Longcheng, and enters Lop Nur. The Karamay Gobi and the Jiangjun Gobi represent the head and tail of a huge desert, and the start and end of the strong northwest wind. Several years ago, an oil prospecting team built a road from east to west in the heart of the desert.
Brief Introduction of Huyang Populus Euphratica
Huyang poplars grow only in the desert and have always been engaged in struggle with it. Faced with cruel broiling heat and drought, only these diversiform-leaved poplars still stand in the desert, brimming with energy and life force. In Uygur its name means “the most beautiful tree.” It is also acclaimed as the “desert hero” for its indomitable life force and amazing ability to put up with drought, sandstorms, and saline and alkali soils. Folk have made heroes of them for their ability to grow erect for a thousand years, live for a thousand years after falling, and life and remain undying after death for another thousand years. In autumn, Huyang poplars in the wild dress in their most splendid attire of the year. The sturdy trunks and gigantic crowns indicate that they have stored up ample energy. The poplars will withstand the harsh approaching winter with their tenacity and vigor, which is how they have always survived.
The tree goes all out to achieve the pinnacle of brilliance. It’s passionate living of life as gloriously and fully as possible before dying is the best tribute to time.
Brief Introduction of Luntai Huyang Poplar Forest

Luntai County, lying at the southern foot of the Tianshan Mountains and the northern edge of the Tarim Basin, boasts the world’s largest, densest and best-surviving “living fossil of the Tertiary Age”----a natural Huyang (diversiform-leaved) poplar forest of over 27,000 hectares. The Huyang poplar forest is common desert forest meadow vegetation in the Tarim Basin, growing from upper to lower reaches of the Tarim River valley. Despite a rather simple structure, the forest has distinct ecological markings of the bio-zone in which it grows. The forest, in the rosy dawn or in the sunset glow, radiates vigor, hope, and mystery, too. The Tarim Basin contains the world’s largest area of natural Huyang poplar forest and this roadside forest of over 2,700 hectares is only a tiny part of the whole. The forest grows along the meandering course of the silt-laden Tarim River, and stretches to the remote horizon. There is a beautiful small lake in the forest that attracts swans and other precious waterfowl. Hares and corsac foxes often haunt the depths of the dense woods.

Huyang poplars grow only in the desert and have always been engaged in struggle with it. Faced with cruel broiling heat and drought, only these diversiform-leaved poplars still stand in the desert, brimming with energy and life force. In Uygur its name means “the most beautiful tree.” It is also acclaimed as the “desert hero” for its indomitable life force and amazing ability to put up with drought, sandstorms, and saline and alkali soils. Folk have made heroes of them for their ability to grow erect for a thousand years, live for a thousand years after falling, and life and remain undying after death for another thousand years. In autumn, Huyang poplars in the wild dress in their most splendid attire of the year. The sturdy trunks and gigantic crowns indicate that they have stored up ample energy. The poplars will withstand the harsh approaching winter with their tenacity and vigor, which is how they have always survived.

The tree goes all out to achieve the pinnacle of brilliance. It’s passionate living of life as gloriously and fully as possible before dying is the best tribute to time.
Brief Introduction of Jiaohe Ancient City

The Ancient City of Jiaohe is situated at Yar Town, 13 km west of Turpan City. In the Western Han Dynasty, this City served as the capital of “Anterior State of Cheshi”, one of the 36 kingdoms in the West Region. During the Tang Dynasty, the government of the Tang Dynasty established Jiaohe County here that was under the jurisdiction of West Prefecture of the Tang Dynasty. “Anxi Frontier Command”, the highest military and administrative organ established by the Tang Dynasty in the West Region, once was set here, and later it was moved to Qiuci (modern Kuqa County). In the sixth century the Qu ruling house established the Prefecture of Jiaohe here. And the castle was like a bulwark with strong defense. People outside the wall of the castle could not learn information inside the castle, but people inside the castle had a command position over people outside the castle. Many cultural relics were unearthed at the Ancient City of Jiaohe, such as antefix of the Tang Dynasty and Buddhist scriptures.
Brief Introduction of Gaocheng Ancient City

The Ancient City of Gaochang was publicized as one of the key national cultural relic’s protection unit by the State Council in 1961. The Ancient City of Gaochang lies at the foot of the Flaming Mountain 40 kilometers southeast of the Turpan County seat, which has been a must passageway for communication between the East and West since the Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, and an important section of the ancient Silk Road. The Ancient City of Gaochang consists of the outer city, the inner city and the palace city. The walls of city are well preserved. The outer city is in a shape of rectangle with perimeter of about 5 kilometers, occupying an area of 2 million square meters. The walls were built by ramming and the foundation is 11.5 meters high and 12 meters wide. There are outstanding battlements on the outside of the city walls---“Mamian” structure. The west city has two gates, from one of which, the small town outside the city gate can still be seen. The southeast and southern part of the outer city is the temple area. The bigger temple area lies on the southwest part of the city. The original of the ruins are the gate of temple, yard, main hall, pagoda basement of storied niche, and some remaining mural and figures of Buddha can still be vaguely seen in the niches. Some ruins of “workshop” and “fair” still exist in the southeast and northeast outsider the ancient city, perhaps the workshops ruin of small handcraft industry.

Brief Introduction of Beiting Ancient City

It lies in the territory of Beiting town, 10 kilometers north of the seat of Jimsar County, which is key cultural relics protection unit of China. The city was called Jinman City in the Han Dynasty, which was the seat of the court of Posterior Chechi State. Genggong, a famous general of the Han Dynasty, stationed troops to open up wasteland in this city. The remaining walls of the ancient city still reflect the scale and style of the ancient city. The ancient city can be divided into the inner and the outer city. The outer city is about 4600 meters in perimeter, in an irregular rectangle shape; the inner city is about 3000 meters in perimeter, within the northeast part of outer city. Both the inner and the outer city have moats. The watercourse is still visible. The remaining walls are more than 2 meters high. The streets, temples, offices, turrets of the outer city, and other structures, still can be vaguely recognized. There had been many precious cultural relics unearthed in the Ruins of Ancient City of Beiting, including incomplete stone tablet of Jinman county of Dang Dynasty, lion stone caving of Dang Dynasty, carving stone balls, copper mirror, stamp of Pulie shire, eaves tile with decorative pattern of lotus flowers, square bricks, ancient coin of Kaiyuan period and Qianyuan period of Tang Dynasty, relics of pottery and porcelains of Yuan Dynasty. The relics of pottery and porcelains can be found everywhere in the ancient city.
Brief Introduction of Royal Buddhism Temple Ruin

The local people also call it “Grand West Temple”, 700 meters west of the ruin of Beiting Ancient City. Its grand scale and fine plastic arts is the only in ruins of the same kind found in north Xinjiang. The temple faces to the south consisting of the main hall, two side halls in the east and west respectively. The length from south to north is 70.5 meters; the width from the east to west is 43.8 meters. The height of remaining main hall is more than 14 meters. In the east hall, there is a 13-meter remaining sleeping Buddha. The head of Buddha face towards the north, and the feet towards the south, looks like in a sound sleep. A big mural painting named “painting of dividing Buddhist relics” is preserved in good condition. In the east of the main hall, there are newly repaired 15 Buddha niches, each niche has figure of Buddha and mural. The figures of Buddha in the niche are as much as the size of a real man. The mural illustrates the stories of Buddha as well as the figure of fending person, the lives and tour of inspection of Gaochang Uygur royal. The remaining sitting Buddha in the main hall is 10 meters in height. The Grand West Temple was built in 10 century by Gaochang Uygur and ruined in war of the incipient period of Ming Dynasty. 
Brief Introduction of Flaming Mountain

Flaming Mountain is situated in the north of Turpan Basin. Along the Turpan-Shanshan road there are red mountains about 100 km long. These mountains stretch in an east-west direction, and are about 10 km wide from south to north and 500 m above sea level. The highest peak is 850 m in height. The mountains are mainly composed of red sand rock. In summer, it is very hot here and under the hot sun, thermal air current rises, and the red sand rock gives out red light just like fire, so the mountains are named Flaming Mountains. Here is the hottest place in our country with the summer air temperature reaching 116.6F, and it was said that at the top of the mountain the air temperature is as high as 176F. Among the local ethnic groups spreads a fairy tale: there was an evil dragon that ate children. Later, the dragon was killed by a hero. Before killed, the dragon flew around the mountains that were dyed red by blood from the wound of the dragon.
Brief Introduction of Karez Well 
Karez Well is a kind of underground water works invented and built by laboring people of various ethnic groups in our country to adapt to the natural environment in dry region. In Xinjiang, Karez Wells are mainly in Hami, Turpan and Mori, but they are most in Turpan Basin, where there are altogether 1100-odd Karez wells and have the total length of over 5000 km. Some people hold the view that Karez Wells of Xinjiang, the Great Wall and Canal constitute three Ancient Chinese Works. Why Karez Wells were built in great number in Turpan Basin can be attributed to the local natural geographical conditions. To the north of Turpan Basin is Bogda Mountain and to its west Kalawucheng Mountain. In summer, large amounts of snow-broth and rainwater flow into Turpan Basin and infiltrate into the ground, and constitute underground current, thus making an adequate water source under ground for Karez Wells. Earth in Turpan Basin is solid and good for building well and underground channel. In Turpan it is very dry and hot in summer, and land here has a high evaporation rate. In wind season, the strong wind here can blow sands into every corner here. After wind, a lot of farmland and water channels are buried by sands. But Karez Wells can supply waters through underground channels and is independent of the effect of season and wind and sand. In addition, Karez Wells have a very low evaporation rate and a stable supply of water, and can irrigate farmland all the year round. The word “Karez” means well. Karez Well is composed of four parts: vertical hole, underground channel, aboveground channel and water storage dam. It is built this way: first, to find water source in a place where there is underground water current, second, dig out vertical wells with certain distance in between, then, to build underground channel connecting these wells and thus water will flow through the underground channel. The outlet of underground channel is connected to the aboveground channel and thus underground water can flow out and irrigate farmland through the aboveground channel. 
Brief Introduction of Grape Valley

The Grape Valley is situated in a canyon, west side of Fire Mountain and 15 km northeast of the seat of Turpan County. It is 8 km long and 500 m wide. On either side of the valley are thick trees and mulberry trees, apricot trees, peach trees, pear trees, poplar trees, willow trees, elm trees and locust trees are arranged in order. Waters from springs flow into channels irrigating 210-odd hectare grape garden. Here a modern grape wine plant has been established producing various kinds of grape wine and grape cans. White grape wine produced here boasts a nice taste and is popular with both Chinese and foreign guests. Deep inside the valley a grape park was built, where there are waterside villas. After experiencing the fierce heat of Flaming Mountains, taking a rest here and tasting some grapes will give a nice kind of feeling.  
Brief Introduction of Emin Tower & Mosque

Emin Minaret is the largest extant old tower in Xinjiang; it is the only Islamic tower among the hundred famous towers in China.
Standing 2 km (1.24 miles) east of Turpan, Emin Minaret was built in 1777 in honor of the heroic Turpan general, Emin Khoja. He was an outstanding patriot who defended the unification of China throughout his life. He had eight sons but the eldest son died of illness at a young age. Influenced by Emin, all his remaining sons made contributions during the war against Jungar rebellions. It was Suleman, Emin's second son, that built this minaret with his own money. This is the reason why the minaret is also named Su Gong Ta. Upon Emin's death, Suleman inherited his father's rank and became the second Turpan ruler.
At the entrance to the minaret, two steles were set up. On one is a Chinese inscription which explains that the purpose of building the minaret was to show gratitude to the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and to commemorate exploits of Emin Khoja while the Uigur inscription on the other stele gave thanks to Allah.
The historical background of Emin Minaret is underlined by the architectural significance. The 44-meter (144 feet) high minaret has no stories. From the base with a diameter of 10 meters (32.8 feet), the minaret tapers to an Islamic dome. In the center of the minaret is a brick-piled pillar with 72 steps around it spiraling to the top. There are 14 openings for ventilation and lighting which are located in different directions and at various heights. On the top, there is an attic of 10 square meters (107 square feet) with large windows on the four sides through which the marvelous landscape could be admired. Unfortunately, tourists today cannot climb to the top due to the protection given to the minaret.
However, the unique exterior of the minaret will make up for this lack. The huge column made of grey bricks and earth would be dull if not for its decorative patterns. Smart Uyghur architects used bricks to form 15 different patterns such as waves, flowers or rhombuses. What's more, the architects even took the surroundings into consideration. Set against the azure sky, silvery Tianshan Mountain and the scarlet Flaming Mountain, Emin Minaret displays a pristine but dignified air. Only when you look up at the minaret will you find how crystal blue and high the sky of Turpan is!
Right beside the minaret stands Su Gong Ta Mosque, one of the largest mosques in Xinjiang. The grand mosque can accommodate 1000 people despite the inconspicuous appearance. The idea behind this is also intriguing; the mosque is neither so glaring as to defeat the minaret nor too humble as it is a worship center. The circular Emin Minaret and the square mosque are in sharp contrast without losing harmony.
Brief Introduction of Sayram Lake